Kimberlee Leonard has 22 years of experience as a freelance writer. Her work has been featured on US News and World Report, Business.com and Fit Small Business. She brings practical experience as a business owner and insurance agent to her role as a.
Kimberlee Leonard Small Business Expert WriterKimberlee Leonard has 22 years of experience as a freelance writer. Her work has been featured on US News and World Report, Business.com and Fit Small Business. She brings practical experience as a business owner and insurance agent to her role as a.
Written By Kimberlee Leonard Small Business Expert WriterKimberlee Leonard has 22 years of experience as a freelance writer. Her work has been featured on US News and World Report, Business.com and Fit Small Business. She brings practical experience as a business owner and insurance agent to her role as a.
Kimberlee Leonard Small Business Expert WriterKimberlee Leonard has 22 years of experience as a freelance writer. Her work has been featured on US News and World Report, Business.com and Fit Small Business. She brings practical experience as a business owner and insurance agent to her role as a.
Small Business Expert WriterCassie is a deputy editor collaborating with teams around the world while living in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. Focusing on bringing growth to small businesses, she is passionate about economic development and has held positions on the boards of.
Cassie is a deputy editor collaborating with teams around the world while living in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. Focusing on bringing growth to small businesses, she is passionate about economic development and has held positions on the boards of.
Written ByCassie is a deputy editor collaborating with teams around the world while living in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. Focusing on bringing growth to small businesses, she is passionate about economic development and has held positions on the boards of.
Cassie is a deputy editor collaborating with teams around the world while living in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. Focusing on bringing growth to small businesses, she is passionate about economic development and has held positions on the boards of.
Brette Sember, J.D. contributorBrette Sember is a retired attorney who has been writing and editing law and legal topics for more than 25 years. She is the author of more than 40 books, is a nationally recognized expert on divorce and family law and has a depth of experience that.
Brette Sember, J.D. contributorBrette Sember is a retired attorney who has been writing and editing law and legal topics for more than 25 years. She is the author of more than 40 books, is a nationally recognized expert on divorce and family law and has a depth of experience that.
Brette Sember, J.D. contributorBrette Sember is a retired attorney who has been writing and editing law and legal topics for more than 25 years. She is the author of more than 40 books, is a nationally recognized expert on divorce and family law and has a depth of experience that.
Brette Sember, J.D. contributorBrette Sember is a retired attorney who has been writing and editing law and legal topics for more than 25 years. She is the author of more than 40 books, is a nationally recognized expert on divorce and family law and has a depth of experience that.
Updated: Jun 3, 2024, 8:59pm
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When starting a business, there are different types of business ownership structures that you can choose from. Each has its pros and cons, usually dealing with tax structures and liability. We take a closer look at each ownership structure to help you determine which is the best for your new business.
Here are the six most common types of business ownership:
A sole proprietorship is an unincorporated business entity that is owned by a single person. This is a common business structure for many smaller teams to keep things simple. While a sole proprietorship doesn’t often have any business entity associated with it, it is possible to form a sole proprietorship as a limited liability company (LLC) or an S-corporation. As long as the LLC or corporation is owned by one member or shareholder with pass-through taxes, it is still considered a sole proprietorship. But for the sake of this comparison, we’ll treat the sole proprietorship as a business structure with no separate entity formed.
A sole proprietorship doesn’t limit the personal liability of the owner. This is why legal experts don’t highly recommend sole proprietorships. However, for a small business that is just getting started, it may be the best option that fits in the budget. A sole proprietor may file a DBA (“doing business as”) with the county clerk’s office to ensure they have a unique name that no one else can use. There is often a nominal fee.
Free or low costA general partnership is an agreement between two or more individuals who agree to share in the profits, losses and legal liabilities of a company. In the general partnership, each partner is responsible for filing their own taxes based on the revenues passed to them through the partnership. There is no limit to their personal liability, meaning that the partners have unlimited responsibility for company debts and legal liabilities.
Similar to a sole proprietorship, the partnership doesn’t need to form a formal entity but may. A general partnership is best suited for new companies testing the waters before investing in a formal structure. They may want to see how the partners work together and if the company has the merits to be successful.
Less expensive than forming an entity with the stateA limited liability company (LLC) is a business structure that limits the personal liability of LLC members. The LLC becomes an official business entity once it is registered with the Secretary of State in the state in which the business resides and operates. By limiting the personal liability of members, the LLC ensures that only the company assets can be used to pay off debts and address other liabilities. Members can’t be held personally responsible for them.
The LLC is more complex to maintain than a sole proprietorship or general partnership, as annual filing requirements exist. However, it is less complex than a corporation. This makes it a good option for business owners wanting to limit liability without adding a lot of extra work.
Limits liabilityLLC State Guides
A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership structure registered as a business entity that reduces each partner’s liability to what they have contributed. The risk for the business is spread among the partners who each have defined roles in the company. Because liability is limited, creditors cannot go after partners’ personal assets for company debts and liabilities.
An LLP is a popular choice among professionals who create business groups, such as lawyers, accountants, doctors and wealth managers. Partners may buy into the LLP, limiting their downside to the amount of capital put into the partnership.
Limits liabilityA C-corporation is a business entity that is set up with shareholders as the owners of the company. Shareholder liability is to the liabilities of the company, meaning their personal assets are not at risk. Unlike an LLC, where the revenues go directly to the members, the C-corporation is taxed as its own entity. This can result in double taxation if the entity is taxed and then the owners are taxed when distributions of profits are made to them.
The C-corporation is overseen by a board of directors and must file an annual report with the state.
The C-corporation is best suited for a company seeking to bring on investors and outside financial backing. The business can easily assign shares to new owners, making this a flexible option as a business grows and expands.
Limits liabilityAn S-corporation is similar to a C-corporation in that it registers with the state as an entity, gives shares to owners and has a board of directors. The difference between a C-corporation and an S-corporation is that an S-corporation elects to have revenues passed down to the owners. This eliminates the possibility of double taxation as a corporation.
The S-corporation functions much as an LLC except that it has shares and a board of directors. This makes it suitable for companies with multiple founders who want the oversight of the board while being able to avoid double taxation.
Limits liabilityWhen choosing a business ownership structure type, think about what you’re protecting, whether or not there will be other owners, whether you plan on getting investors or not and how you want the taxes to be paid. Most people consult with a lawyer and a tax professional before making a final decision on which entity is best.
One of the most important things you can do as an owner is to limit your personal liability for business debts and liabilities. This is what most entities start with—reducing your exposure. From there, you want to consider how the profits are distributed and thus taxed. If profits are passed through, that means that you add the profits to your personal tax return. This avoids double taxation, which can happen with a C-corporation.
However, if you plan on getting outside investment or plan on selling the company, a C-corporation is the easiest to manage. That being said, corporations have boards of directors and must have annual meetings and have more required filings than other business structures.
Ultimately, you want to choose a business type that protects you while meeting your tax and growth needs.
Starting a new business can be overwhelming because of all the choices that are available for the business type. Take the time to review what you want for liability structure, tax structure and how flexible you want ownership to be. These are the key considerations and differences between the different entity types.
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An LLC is a good idea for small business owners who want to limit liability and pass through taxes. If you plan on having ownership interests change, this structure may not be as suitable as a corporation.
It is possible to have a corporation with one shareholder. This person would be the sole owner of the business though they may have employees to help them run the company.
An independent artist who sells their work to clients is an example of a sole proprietor. Many freelancers, artists, actors, writers and makers tend to function as sole proprietors.
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Small Business Expert WriterKimberlee Leonard has 22 years of experience as a freelance writer. Her work has been featured on US News and World Report, Business.com and Fit Small Business. She brings practical experience as a business owner and insurance agent to her role as a small business writer.
Cassie is a deputy editor collaborating with teams around the world while living in the beautiful hills of Kentucky. Focusing on bringing growth to small businesses, she is passionate about economic development and has held positions on the boards of directors of two non-profit organizations seeking to revitalize her former railroad town. Prior to joining the team at Forbes Advisor, Cassie was a content operations manager and copywriting manager.
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